![]() ![]() Additionally, dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) and TMS have been shown to effectively increase motor responses and improve limb strength. Currently, high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (HF-SCS) and burst spinal cord stimulation (B-SCS) have been shown to have the most promising effect in improving pain intensity and frequency. Given the pain and functional deficits that these patients face, that are not amenable to other forms conservative therapy, the purpose of this narrative review is to examine and assess the use of various neuromodulation modalities to manage pain and restore function in the SCI population. Although the current literature surrounding the use of neuromodulation in managing chronic pain is abundant, there is an insufficient amount of evidence specifically regarding neuromodulation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuromodulation is a developing field of medicine that includes a vast array of minimally invasive and non-invasive therapies including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), peripheral nerve stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation (SCS). 3UC San Diego Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States. ![]() 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine-Bradenton, Bradenton, FL, United States.Contact the study team to discuss study eligibility and potential participation.Roi Medina 1* Alison Ho 2 Rajiv Reddy 3 Jeffrey Chen 3 Joel Castellanos 3 There is no guarantee that every individual who qualifies and wants to participate in a trial will be enrolled. ![]() Guidelines differ from study to study, and identify who can or cannot participate. Participant eligibility includes age, gender, type and stage of disease, and previous treatments or health concerns. The technique has proven to be feasible in a cadaver model with ease of lead placement at the desired targets Participation eligibility This proposal describes a new spinal stimulation technique designed to improve the likelihood of low back stimulation by targeting the nerve supply to the two most commonly affected pain producing structures in the back, the facet joints and the intervertebral disks. To date, none of these strategies have been able to reliably overcome the long-term problems of paresthesia capture and pain relief of the low back. ![]() Strategies that have been introduced but so far with limited success include transverse multiple lead stimulation, high frequency stimulation, peripheral field stimulation, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation. However, the ability to reliably capture the low back with paresthesia coverage has remained challenging and elusive despite numerous strategies designed to overcome this limitation. Another trial has demonstrated superiority of SCS over repeat surgery in the same patient population. It has demonstrated efficacy in the co-called Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) and a recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated significant superiority of SCS over conventional medical therapy to treat patients with FBSS. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used for almost 30 years to treat many intractable back pain conditions. Sponsor Protocol Number: 13-003985 About this study ![]()
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